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Kognitive Persönlichkeitstheorien

I classification of the theoretical background of cognitive theories of personality
II sketch of the theories of, a) LEWIN, b) KELLY c) ROGERS

to I: Classification of Cognitive Personality Theories:
Organismic of man (human being active, constructive), emphasizing the uniqueness and internal, intellectual-tiger processes, subjective perception of the environment and construction of reality, person-environment interaction and interaction; molar, holistic understanding

to II a: LEWIN (1890-1947) field theory
human behavior, behavior is a function of current, subjective field (V = f [P, U]),
events min interaction. two areas according to principle-centeredness, concreteness of things are today, caused by stress changes after locomotion, cognitive processes, or by penetrating factors from the physical environment, including the overall situation in the causal explanation and synthesis of scientific constructs;
structure: habitat (L = P, U);
dynamics: power, voltage (or bedürfnißerzeugend result, the aim is to return to the fundamental voltage or Gleichgeicht possible by locomotion, Ersatzlokomotion, Phantasieslokomoti-on, Restructuring of the environment),
aim is to develop through cognitive restructuring (attainment of maturity and sophistication with respect to degree of realism and time dimension, border consolidation, variety, organization (complexity) increases, Integ-ration, extension, interdependence); behavior predictable with knowledge of valence (Aufforderungscharak-ter), necessity (lack of saturation, supersaturation, Quasi, equips environment object with value), power can be represented in the vector (direction, strength, target); locomotion ('movement' in the field, out-/ grant social, spiritual, ...); communication (depending on the border thickness, strength and closeness of strained Systems); person model, environmental model, person and environment are mutually dependent variables; development as a progression, regression (back to primitive forms of behavior) and retrogression (repetition life history of past behavior);
criticism
positive consideration of the overall situation, subjective frame of reference, ...;
negative: the derivation of predictions from a mathematical model of behavior, blending of mathematical and physical concepts, behavior not predictable II


to b: GEORGE KELLY (1905-1966) theory of personal constructs
behavior is determined more by the cognitive representation the environment than the physical Environ-ment;
structure: innate tendency to form personal construct systems (construct = template of of past Erfagrungen for 'recognition' / anticipation-pation of the future, with focus and scope);
dynamics: anticipation, man as a 'scientist 'is environment; Constructive alternatives vismus (freedom to form their own construct systems that will determine but the perception and interpretation of phenomena);
Objective: To determine and extension of his own construct system and self-in basis postulate: The processes of the person channeling psychologically by the way in which it anticipates the events; corollaries: Construction, individuality, Dichotomy, division, fragment, commonality, sociality, ...; failure: use of constructs that have proved to be 'false' as; therapy: 'Man is to be understood only if one knows his personal constructs', the psychologist is learner ; self-description and role Konsturkt-Repertiore test (clinical evaluation, based on the properties of the constructs created therapist hypotheses about patient); Fixed role therapy, role playing (Kelly was acting teacher);
criticism
positive symmetry between client and therapist. ..;
negative: client (too) high competence is attributed to the self-assessment, expression of all constructs Others questioned because of possible displacement, treatment with only mild disorders, ....


to II c: CHARLES ROGERS (1902-1978) self-theory of personality (self-concept and Persönlichkeitswan-del)
behavior:
The behavior is determined by the subjective reality and is on self-preservation and increase out-directed.
structure:
organism (place of all skill and experience, which is symbolized conscious part of the experience) and self
(part of the phenomenal field, process of character, Ich-/Mich-/Meinwahrnehmung, value-occupied as-pects, developed in the interaction with the social environment).
dynamics:
Congenital actualizing tendency (Self-realization mental / physical / social, often in Wi-contradiction to be learned needs the positive attention / social respect / self-acceptance) and
expansion (maturation).
source of tension also: restrictive environment, and prevent the devaluation Bedüfnisbefriedigung.
goal in life:
congruence between self and organism, between subjective and external reality, between self and ideal self through experience of adoption, positive assessment and reintegration
 absence of internal tension,
 maximum realistic-oriented adjustment and flexible system of values (this specific behavior -tensvor
prediction impossible).
 Humanistic theory (humans can inherently good, problems by himself or with the help
be solved).
 Phenomenological theory (phenomenal field experience totality, the subjective reality of
hypotheses tested on the objective reality).
 main postulate of interpersonal relationships ... the greater congruence, the more mutual under-standing (disproved).
 neurosis: the task of self-reliance, active distancing from the real self, attack against their own self - neurotic conflict resolution.
 psychotherapy: theories on Bridging the gap in incongruity, experience must be symboli-siert/verbalisiert.
 The self-perception in the ideal case symbolizes the experience of the organism.
 unconditioned esteem of the patient.
 empathy.
 authenticity of the therapist.
 Subzeption (displacement even threatening perception into the unconscious, visceral reactions of fear experience)  perception (adoption of the 'whole' self).
criticism CHARLES ROGERS:
positive
• "Third Force" of psychology. • GT
easy to learn
negative (?):
• Unconditional popularity alone is not sufficient in repression - this analysis is necessary.
• contradictions (? No development of a value system for unconditional acceptance  total possible congruence () and sense no socialization more)
• reliance on self-reports  problem is the lack of reliability, response, Q data (Kar-ten- Put technology to determine the idea of a man about himself), problem is so-cial desirability ...